Vacuum System ComponentsConFlat connections . The vacuum-tight detachable connections are used for quick and easy connection of separate devices and assemblies and provide for access to one or another system element. In conditions of super-high vacuum the flange connections made of stainless steel are mainly used.  Proposed for application are the flange connections heated up to 450°С nd used in UHV systems within the pressure range of 1 х 105 - 1 х 10-8Pa with nominal inside diameter from 16 to 250 mm of ConFlat type. The flange connections of this type structurally consist of two similar flanges equipped with the external welt for fastening of a copper washer-type gasket and the claw of a special shape. It is possible to use the construction where the fittings with claws are equipped with snap rings having holes for bolts. These snap rings are very convenient at mounting the valves and other elements, since they can be turned in the required position. Inspection window. Inspection windows are an integral part of many high and super-high vacuum systems. The inspection windows are made of borosilicate glass and stainless steel and are designed for pressure up to 1х10-11 mm Hg. Kovar (magnetic) is a transient material here. The inspection windows withstand cyclic heating up to 350 °С with temperature gradient of up to 3 °С/min, provide a wide angle of view without distortions, are to a minimum extent subject to loads due to uneven tightening of the bolt flanges and influence of glass fastening structure at heating.
The area of the forged surface, creating a UHV shell, is decreased 1.5-3 times as compared to the world existing analogs of the “zero type” inspection windows, which ensures a minimum gas (hydrogen) leak-in to the UHV vessel. The glass light transmission is not less than 80% with a wave length from 0,32 to 2,7 μm and 90 % with a wave length from 0,35 to 2,6 μm.
For protection against inadvertent mechanical damage and exposure to air flows the external glasses made of borosilicate glass are offered for installation on the vacuum-tight glass at heating.
For protection against X-ray radiation the protective windows made of lead glass can be installed.
Protective glasses are fastened in the inspection window flanges by spring rings and can be easily dismantled.
The internal protective glasses can be mounted in the installations with intensive vacuum evaporation.
If necessary, the metal grid protecting the borosilicate glass and the attending personnel against microwave radiation can be installed instead of internal protective glass.
The inspection windows can be equipped simultaneously with the outer and inner protective devices.
In the inspection window the glass is fastened in the ConFlat flange in which all mounting dimensions are observed for fastening the outer and inner protective devices, which allows, if necessary, equipping the inspection glass with protective devices in any combination.
Quick-detachable connections. The most easy-to-work with are the quick-detachable flange connections with snap collars and rubber seal, working in the pressure range of 1 х 105-1,3 х 10-5 Pa at ambient temperature of +8…+70 °С. Structurally they can be of four standard sizes (KF10, KF16, KF25, KF40 ).
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